Linux 服务管理两种方式service和systemctl,systemd是Linux系统最新的初始化系统(init),作用是提高系统的启动速度，尽可能启动较少的进程，尽可能更多进程并发启动。systemd对应的进程管理命令是systemctl
chkconfig和systemctl命令对比
| 任务 | 旧指令 | 新指令 |
|---|---|---|
| 使某服务自动启动 | chkconfig –level 3 httpd on | systemctl enable httpd.service |
| 使某服务不自动启动 | chkconfig –level 3 httpd off | systemctl disable httpd.service |
| 检查服务状态 | service httpd status | systemctl status httpd.service （服务详细信息） systemctl is-active httpd.service （仅显示是否 Active) |
| 显示所有已启动的服务 | chkconfig –list | systemctl list-units –type=service |
| 启动服务 | service httpd start | systemctl start httpd.service |
| 停止服务 | service httpd stop | systemctl stop httpd.service |
| 重启服务 | service httpd restart | systemctl restart httpd.service |
| 重载服务 | service httpd reload | systemctl reload httpd.service |
实例
#停止cup电源管理服务
> systemctl stop cups.service
#禁止cups服务开机启动
> systemctl disable cups.service
#查看cups服务状态
> systemctl status cups.service
#重新设置cups服务开机启动
> systemctl enable cups.service
常用的系统命令
| systemctl命令 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| systemctl | 列出所有的系统服务 |
| systemctl list-units | 列出所有启动unit |
| systemctl list-unit-files | 列出所有启动文件 |
| systemctl list-units –type=service –all | 列出所有service类型的unit |
| systemctl list-units –type=service –all grep cpu | 列出 cpu电源管理机制的服务 |
| systemctl list-units –type=target –all | 列出所有target |
| systemctl list-unit-files –type=socket | 列出所有可用系统套接口 |
systemctl特殊的用法
| systemctl命令 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| systemctl is-active [unit type] | 查看服务是否运行 |
| systemctl is-enable [unit type] | 查看服务是否设置为开机启动 |
| systemctl mask [unit type] | 注销指定服务 |
| systemctl unmask [unit type] | 取消注销指定服务 |
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